Obstetrician follows a pregnant woman during her pregnancy and through the birth. The field therefore encompasses not only medicine but also surgical interventions. An obstetrician monitors the pregnant woman and the fetus using ultrasounds, CTG ( fetal monitoring), and medical tests.
These days, the fetus is considered a patient in itself; “fetal medicine” is part of obstetrics.
Surgery is a last resort for when vaginal birth is not possible, a procedure known as a “Cesarean section.”